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Kōshirō Onchi
, born in Tokyo, was a Japanese print-maker. He was the father of the ''sōsaku-hanga'' movement in twentieth century Japan, and a photographer.
==Biography==
Onchi came from an aristocratic family that had close connections with the imperial family. As a child, he received the same kind of education that a prince received. Onchi was trained in both traditional calligraphy and modern western art. After contacts with Takehisa Yumeji in 1909,〔Jinbo, "Onchi Kōshirō".〕 between 1910 and 1915, he studied oil painting and sculpture at the Tokyo School of Fine Arts (, ''Tōkyō Bijutsu Gakkō''). In 1912, he founded the print and poetry magazine called “Tsukubae”.
Onchi was also a book designer in the early days when it was impossible for ''sōsaku-hanga'' artists to survive by just doing creative prints. He designed over 1000 books in his career. In 1939, he founded the First Thursday Society (, ''Ichimokukai''), which was crucial to the postwar revival of the ''sōsaku-hanga'' movement. The society held artist gatherings once a month in Onchi’s house. Members such as Gen Yamaguchi (1896–1976) and Junichirō Sekino (1914–1988) discussed subjects of prints. The American connoisseurs Ernst Hacker, William Hartnett and Oliver Statler also attended. The First Thursday Collection (, ''Ichimoku-shū''), a collection of prints by members to circulate to each other, was produced in 1944. Through the First Thursday Society, Onchi provided aspiring young artists with resources and comradeship during the war years when resources were scarce and censorship severe. After the war, he emerged as the leader of the ''sōsaku-hanga'' movement that flourished in the international art scene.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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